The first Chromebooks were extremely dependent on an internet connection, so to help alleviate that problem, Google published a 'Gmail Offline' app on the Chrome Web Store. It allowed users to read and respond to emails while the computer was offline, but the app hasn't been updated since 2013.

Google has announced that Gmail Offline will be removed from the Chrome Web Store in December, because it isn't needed anymore. The new desktop Gmail has an option for offline mode, so a separate Chrome app is no longer necessary.

Google will remove Gmail Offline from the Chrome Web Store on December 3, 2018. By that point, most people (if not everyone) will be on the new Gmail with access to the built-in offline functionality.

Source: G Suite Updates